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Verification of the Laws of Reflection

Fix a sheet of white paper on a drawing board.

Draw a line MM' on it and mark a point O at the center of the line and a normal ON on MM'.

Draw IO, the incident ray in such a way that is less than 90⁰.

Place a strip of plane mirror vertically with its silvered surface on MM'.

Reflection of Light by a Plane Mirror

Fix two pins P and Q on the incident ray IO.

Fix P' and Q' on other side of the normal, to represent the reflected image of P and Q, as observed in the mirror as P' and Q'

Remove the pins and draw a line OR passing through P' and Q' to represent the reflected ray.

Measure the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection .

and P, Q, P', Q', N and O lie in the same plane, thus verifying the laws of reflection.

Repeat the experiment for different measures of angle of incidence. The laws of reflection are found to be always true for different values of angle of incidence.

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